Yahoo Case Study Free Essays

Report review on Yahoo Case study Yahoo was conceptualized coincidentally in 1993 by Jerry Yang and David Filo †who were seeking after their electrical science certificate from Stanford University †while posting a rundown of their preferred destinations on the web, got formally established in 1994 and consolidated in the year 1995. At first named â€Å"Jerry’s manual for overall web†, got later named Yahoo which was an abbreviation for â€Å"Yet another Hierarchal Officious Oracle†. The term â€Å"Hierarchal† depicted how the Yahoo database was masterminded, the term â€Å"officious† portraying the numerous office laborers who might utilize Yahoo from their work place and â€Å"oracle† recommending a â€Å"source of wisdom†. We will compose a custom article test on Hurray Case Study or on the other hand any comparable point just for you Request Now Today Yahoo! Inc. is a global web partnership most popular for its online interface, web crawler (Yahoo! Search, #2 in internet searcher piece of the overall industry with 6. 8% piece of the overall industry) and for an assortment of different administrations, including Yahoo! Registry, Yahoo! Mail, Yahoo! News, Yahoo! Money, Yahoo! Gatherings, Yahoo! Answers, publicizing, web based mapping, video sharing, dream sports and its online networking site. With income figures of $4. 9B for FY’2011, and a market capitalization of $23. 8B, Yahoo’s example of overcoming adversity includes numerous hits and more misses. After the humble web index began to draw in huge flood of guests regularly, Yang and Filo chose to make business of it by leasing promoting space on the Yahoo Directory pages. Capital Investment rolled in from Sequoia Capital, who proposed to enlist an expert CEO to drive the business forward. After a cautious assessment of about six up-and-comers, Michael Moritz of Sequoia Capital picked Timothy Koogle, who brought 15 years of authority involvement with innovative administration. Timothy needed to utilize incredible impact and influence abilities to welcome everyone on board on his vision for the organization, one that would make a world associated by means of the web. His vision included utilizing the company’s existing quality of the web catalog by giving increasingly convincing substance and driving higher promoting income. Simultaneously, make an online stage where purchasers could meet dealers, executing securely over the web and charging a cut of the income for these administrations gave. They additionally included customization highlights for their enlisted clients on their Yahoo financials page with the goal that particular organizations of intrigue could be trailed by the clients. En route, they additionally helped publicists connect with their applicable crowd better and along these lines expanding the worth conveyed to them. The procedure was turning out to be very well for Yahoo. Yippee developed quickly all through the 1990s. It likewise made some prominent acquisitions. While everything was going incredible for Yahoo, they neglected to assess their procedure at that crossroads. Nature they were flourishing with was that of the website bubble and most organizations that were wellsprings of promoting income for Yahoo were the website organizations. At the point when the website bubble burst, a large portion of these organizations failed drying out wellsprings of publicizing income for Yahoo. Its stock cost soar during the website bubble, Yahoo stocks shutting at an unequaled high of $118. 5 an offer on January 3, 2000. Be that as it may, after the website bubble burst, it arrived at a post-bubble low of $4. 05 on September 26, 2001. While the corporate level vision and methodology were forward looking, the business level technique required convenient survey, the absence of which realized the descending winding of Yahoo in a limited ability to focus. Attributable to an immense negative effect on the shareho lders’ esteem, Tim Koogle surrendered giving the beneficiaries to Terry Semel, a previous Warner Brothers official. Semel’s objective was to capture the fall in Yahoo’s incomes by enhancing from the until now publicizing driven income model to membership based, esteem included administrations and expanding the quality in promoting income by focusing on progressively stable organizations. This procedure was seen as yet a late response to the changing business sector scene, something that financial specialists anticipated that the administration should predict. Terry Semel likewise had a lot of low minutes as CEO of Yahoo during the analysis he drew for helping out the Chinese authorities to discharge beforehand secret Yahoo data to the Chinese government. He additionally lost an opportunity to purchase out Google during its beginning years, whose web index administrations it utilized till Yahoo built up its own internet searcher innovations. Throughout the years, Yahoo additionally neglected to get the market patterns of social, portable, nearby, stage administrations and so on at the correct occasions, which has brought about reducing piece of the overall industry figures in every one of the spaces. While Yahoo income has plunged for the year 2011, the company’s financials look solid with low obligation and great income. Company’s new supervisory crew is wagering enthusiastic about portable and associated TV organizations. Versatile applications, where the organization is lingering behind contenders like Google and Facebook, is a business line it must deliver a pivot execution on since the business sectors a slanting toward that path. Marissa Mayer, previous Google official, who is currently in charge of the $5B organization, would want to carry her effective involvement with Google to Yahoo to convey the products on the Mobile stages business. Conversation Questions: . How much was the advancement of technique at Yahoo arranged? How much was it an emanant reaction to unexpected occasions? Yahoo’s starting system during Koogle’s time of foraying into publicizing and online entrance for encouraging internet business and shopping were an arranged technique and were able for the organization with its intrinsic qualities. in any case, the portfolio broadening embraced by Semel was an endeavor to bring down the hazard introduction as a reaction to the changed business condition. 2. Could Yahoo have made a superior showing of foreseeing the log jam in publicizing income that happened in 2000 †2001 and situating itself for that stoppage? How? What may it have done another way from a vital arranging point of view? So as to accomplish a supported upper hand, a firm should adjust to the adjustment in the market patterns. As a procedure assessment process, hurray could have anticipated the website bubble burst as the air pocket arrangement was a procedure that had started around ’98. Examiners featured the hazard in staying contributed with the website organizations. There was surplus pay accessible with retail financial specialists during that period, which is reminiscent of a pattern of more appeal of ordinary products/administrations over second rate merchandise/administrations. Yippee could have seen this pattern and situated itself for a specialty item/administration offering. 3. Does Yahoo have a wellspring of potential long haul upper hand? Where does this originate from? Hurray has a decent income †a low obligation and furthermore a plan of action set up for purchasers to meet venders. Web based life has assumed a key job in infiltrating the market †making consciousness of utilizing the online medium. Hurray has the framework set up to underwrite this quality so as to ideally use the purchaser meet dealer stage †extend it from retail nearness to corporate collaborations, incorporate a model that addresses online classes for numerous enterprises eg pharma meet can be altogether directed online †making a huge cost advantage for the members and furthermore adding to its income by negligible speculations that wont influence its accounting report either. 4. What does Koogle’s renunciation in May 2001 educate you regarding the job of a CEO in an open organization? CEO’s job in an open organization has advanced throughout the years, however basically, remains that of a caretaker of the shareholders’ esteem. Koogle had a generally excellent vision and system for the organization, which transpired into progress at first. While the plan of the procedure may have been progressed admirably, the execution at the business level and assessment of the methodology could have been something more. Indeed, even towards the finish of Terry Semel’s residency in 2006, his compensation was diminished to just $1 (with $70M worth of investment opportunities ofcourse) due to shareholders’ disappointment. The most effective method to refer to Yahoo Case Study, Free Case study tests

Gross Domestic Product of Australia

Culturally Proficient Leadership Essay Example

Socially Proficient Leadership Essay EDLA 626 †Culture, Diversity Human Rights Culturally Proficient Leadership: The Personal Journey Begins Within Summary: Part 1: Leadership as an Informed Personal Perspective Chapter 1: The Leadership Journey Begins Within Getting Centered reality †numerous individuals in the public arena despite everything live isolated lives dependent on race/ethnicity, class It is significant that we search internally to ourselves so as to comprehend our responses to individuals socially unique in relation to us. Such understanding permits us to adequately educate â€Å"other peoples’ children† Taking a Look at My School and What I See (and Don’t See) Schools and areas are affected by social, political and financial powers not promptly clear. Hidden the noticeable components of our school networks are unapparent powers that have considerably more effect on our understudies, schools and us. These imperceptible recorded powers add to the feeling of benefit or hardship experienced in our schools that impacts our understudies, guardians and us. These powers are named as value issues and fill in as the figurative glaring issue at hand that many profess not to see. Are there â€Å"Equity Issues† in Your School? Response to value issues is reliant on one’s own encounters as an understudy. Distinctive experience delivered for understudies of various social gatherings (past present). Notwithstanding close to home encounters, a school chief and his/her vision profits by information on recorded setting of access and value issues. Two communicated values not completely acknowledged are widespread state funded instruction through High School and evenhanded instructive chances (ex. Just 27 states have obligatory training prerequisites to age 16). Progress toward all inclusive training is connected with headway in impartial treatment and equivalent results for understudies dependent on sexual orientation, race, ethnicity and ableness is likewise developing. Unmistakable scientists have squeezed the issue for value in schools for 2 ages. Standing up to the â€Å"Gaps† as a Leadership Issue Leaders confronted with challenge of driving schools in manners that give impartial open doors regardless of a student’s culture The unimportant arrangement of any school presents normally difficulties because of contrasts (culture, race, sexual orientation, financial, accomplishment, and so forth ). Pioneers need to address fundamental access differences of value instructive projects, experienced subsidizing and fair school financing in any case the norm of holes will proceed. Increasingly impartial subsidizing alone doesn't even things out . . . must be joined by an adjustment in the manner numerous understudies are taught. Significant inquiry for pioneers: How would we meet the scholarly and social needs of understudies who come to class with an alternate arrangement of qualities, convictions, financial encounters, practi ces, language and capacity? NCLB as a Leadership Tool NCLB can fill in as an instrument to help access and value endeavors. NCLB has made open mindful of differential instructive chance and accomplishment designs that exist in our schools and networks. NCLB utilized as appearance to call attention to and address accomplishment hole issues. Such a hole is a multifaceted result proportion of holes in access to instruction. Accomplishment holes separated by race, ethnicity, sexual orientation, class, and so on are being featured by the media. Meanings of Key Terms Culture: The arrangement of practices and convictions shared by individuals from a specific gathering that recognize that bunch from different gatherings. Social Informancy: Reflects our experience of having diverse connections that are bona fide and believing which take into account common learning and input prompting self-improvement. Segment Groups: Often utilized in schools in pace of subgroup. Predominant Culture: A cult ure promptly noticeable in a homeroom and school which frequently profits by treatment, consideration and achievement while others might be covered up and not clear and not get impartial treatment or accomplish equivalent degrees of progress.. Value: Access to material and HR with respect to needs. Ethnicity: Ancestral legacy and geology, basic history and somewhat physical appearance. National Origin: An assignment identified with a person’s nation of birth and earlier citizenship. Nativism: The act of esteeming the privileges of residents conceived in this nation over those of outsiders (underestimation exertion endeavor of settlers). Race: An idea created by social researchers and misjudged and utilized by gatherings to describe individuals by their physical highlights and to utilize those distinctions to legitimize concealment of a few while advancement of others. Reflection: cautious thought of one’s practices, plans, qualities and suppositions with an end goal to improve relational and proficient practice. Sexual Orientation: A suffering, passionate, sentimental, sexual or affectional appreciation for someone else. It exists along a continuum and varies from sexual conduct since it alludes to emotions and self-idea. Section 2: The Cultural Proficiency Leadership Lens Provides an outline of the devices of social capability. Such will give one a significant focal point and information for activity. Getting Centered Educational holes are our issue with at any rate 3 contentions being significant requirements: 1. We should recognize that instructive holes are verifiable and steady. In spite of the fact that we acquired them, they can't be disregarded. The issue of scholastic underperformance of offspring of destitution and some noticeable minorities isn't new data. 2. In the event that holes are to be shut, we should push ahead to inspect our qualities, practices, approaches and practices of our schools. 3. We can have any kind of effect when we focus on who understudies state they are and their requirements before the necessities of our own and that of the educational system. Social capability is: †¢ A procedure that starts with us, not with our understudies or their networks †¢ A move in imagining that moves us from survey culture as hazardous to grasping and regarding society. A focal point through which we see our job as teachers †¢ An idea included a lot of four interrelated apparatuses to control our training. Social Proficiency Is an Inside-Out Process Cultural capability is a back to front procedure of individual and hierarchical change. It is who we are more than what we do. We are understudies of our presu mptions about self, others and the setting in which we work with others Fundamental to tending to instructive hole issues is one’s readiness and capacity to analyze yourself and your association. Social capability gives pioneers an extensive, fundamental structure to recognize, inspect and examine instructive issues in our schools. Social Proficiency Represents a Leadership Paradigm Cultural capability . . . a mentality for how we collaborate with all individuals paying little heed to foundation . . . a perspective that conveys express qualities, language and norms for successful individual collaborations and expert practices . . . is a day in and day out way to deal with both our own and expert lives . . . is anything but a lot of autonomous procedures one figures out how to use with others. Teachers who focus on socially capable practices speak to a paradigmatic move away from business as usual prevailing gathering view. The paradigmatic move moves from enduring assorted va riety to transformational responsibility to value. Social Proficiency as an Educational Leadership Lens The accompanying four instruments of social capability can be utilized as a format for a leader’s individual and expert turn of events: 1. Core values on which you can fabricate a moral and expert casing for successful culturally diverse correspondence and critical thinking. 2. We will compose a custom exposition test on Culturally Proficient Leadership explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now We will compose a custom exposition test on Culturally Proficient Leadership explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer We will compose a custom exposition test on Culturally Proficient Leadership explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer A continuum of practices that empowers you to analyze your qualities and conduct so that you can all the more likely impact strategies and practices of our calling. 3. Fundamental components communicated as far as gauges of individual and expert lead that fill in as a system for reacting to scholarly and social needs of the social gatherings in your school network. 4. Obstructions to this work confined so that you are purposeful in the utilization of the core values and fundamental components. Viable instructive pioneers are clear about themselves comparative with working with and driving socially differing networks. The Cultural Proficiency Toolkit Cultural capability is included an interrelated arrangement of 4 apparatuses which give the way to a pioneer to direct his own and expert advancement in a social capable way. †¢ The Guiding Principles of Cultural Proficiency Guiding standards furnish one with a good philosophical system to analyze under-stand convictions about the training of understudies from social gatherings unique in relation to them. Core values give a system of how the social decent variety of understudies ought to educate proficient practice when reacting to understudy adapting needs. A decent spot to check whether school esteems line up with overwhelming practices in the school is the crucial vision articulation. †¢ The Cultural Proficiency Continuum Consists of 6 focuses. The initial 3 (social ruinous tendency, social insufficiency, social visual impairment) focuses center around them as being dangerous. The following 3 (social precompetence, social capability, soci al capability) center around your training as transformational authority. 1. social ruinous tendency †see the distinction and kill it 2. social inadequacy â€

Differences between Iroquois and Pueblo Indians free essay sample

Penn was conceived on October fourteenth, 1644 and passed on in July 30th 1 718. As a Quaker, he was a supporter of strict opportunity and majority rule government. Because of his diverse strict perspectives in England, he was removed from the congregation. In 1677, he got one of the establishing fathers of the city of Philadelphia helping in its arranging and improvement. Quakers (Society of Friends): the Quakers lived in the mid seventeenth century in England. Numerous who would not like to follow the Christian Church since they had distinctive profound and strict convictions shaped the group.They accepted n their internal light, which they accepted to come legitimately from God. So as to follow their convictions easily Quakers moved to America in the sasss. There they built up in Rhode Island and Pennsylvania which endured Quakers. Metal: likewise called Metronome, King Philip, or Philip of Pocketed, was an intertribal pioneer of the Womans and Narragansett. He was conceived in 1 639 and kicked the bucket on the twelfth august, 1676. He took on the situation of pioneer of the tribe after his dad Mastitis passed on and his more seasoned sibling the accompanying year.He turned into the pioneer of the Womans in King Phillips War against English Illinois in New England. Magnificent Revolution: additionally called the Revolution of 1 688, brought about the topple of James II and the consent of his little girl Mary II and her Dutch spouse, William Ill of Orange. After the promotion night wear II in 1685, his acknowledgment to Roman Catholicism distanced most of the populace. This drove William Ill to effectively attack England with a Dutch armada and armed force, which drove him to the English seat. The upheaval lastingly finished any opportunity Of Catholicism turning out to be restored in England.History of American People to 1877 Mr. . Run down Iroquois and Pueblo Indian Similarities and Differences in the Colonization Era The pueblo Indians were the relatives of old townspeople who had been settled in present day Arizona. In the wake of building up their settlements for more than 3,000 years a decrease of these networks happened most likely in light of dry spell. The survivors moved toward the south and east and in these territories they advanced as they built up their networks and consummated their procedures of desert cultivating, water system frameworks to give water to corn, beans, and cotton.They got the name of Pueblo Indians by the Spanish since when they showed up, these gatherings of Native Americans lived in little towns, or pueblos. The Pueblo Indians of the southwest were the first to be stood up to by Europeans and their enduring attack. In any case, around 1 680, the Pueblo Indians rebelled against the Spanish and they removed them for around 12 years. Five primary people groups, the Choctaw, Mohawk, Oneida, Cayuga, Seneca, and Onondaga shaped the Iroquois. These five gatherings merged the Great League of Peace, which was made to carry steadiness to the area.The Iroquois Were continually moving topographically, they were known as being Strong in Attlee and that is the reason they were one of only a handful hardly any Native Indians who endure the provincial intrusion. Starting in 1609, the Iroquois had to take part in war against the French, their Huron partners and different clans. These wars were essentially the result of the clash of controlling the hide exchange and land. Pueblo Indian people groups were ranchers in custom, however as every one of the Pueblo towns were in various segment territories, the yields that were reaped were different.These crops were for the most part corn, beans, and squash and these were put away for a few years relying upon the seasons. The Pueblo individuals chased deer and gazelle in the mountains and in different towns that were nearer to the fields they chased buffalo. In all Pueblo Indian social orders, hare was an inexhaustible wellspring of proteins. The Iroquois then again, had a few similitudes and contrasts from the Pueblo Indians in the cultivating and chasing rehearses. Iroquois individuals were ranchers, fishers, trackers however their principle wellspring of food was through farming.Just like the Pueblo Indians, the Iroquois most developed yields were corn, beans and squash and they were likewise put away for later utilization. Concerning chasing, the distinctions re increasingly outstanding. The Iroquois chased for the most part deer yet they likewise looked for beavers and muskrats in the winter. As they were found near the stream, they likewise had improved their capacity to get different sorts of fish. The Pueblo Indian culture was matrilineal by and large, however varied in a few, where in a couple of towns patrimonial tribes existed, and guys claimed houses and land.Women did the majority of the cultivating while men were accountable for the chasing. Nonetheless, as chasing significance was decreased men additionally began to have a job in agribusiness. Iroquois and Pueblo Indians job of ladies in their general public, was comparative in which they were both matrilineal, that they had the errand to develop the land, and bring up the kids. In any case, in Iroquois society, ladies had more force, where they could decide to separate from their significant other and request him to live the home with his things. Ladies additionally reserved the privilege to keep the youngsters if a couple isolated. The Iroquois set up the Great Law of Designated, which offered equity to both genders. In their general public the ladies were the ones who chose the head of their town and were likewise the ones who could expel him from his position. The Iroquois had their primary prophet, Designated, who they thought carried harmony to the individuals. Their convictions about creation were that in a heavenly manner, spirits were incorporated into the common world. Their legend said that a young lady in the soul world who got pregnant without engaging in sexual relations had a dream that she needed to evacuate a tree so she would have the option to see the underworld.As she does that, she tumbles to the normal world. Because Of their conviction that the profound world was up in the sky, the Iroquois initially let their dead to be eaten by winged animals yet after they start to revamp the cadavers so their spirits would go up to the unadulterated, soul world. In the other hand, as per the Pueblo Indians creation legend, they were guided by their God and moved up through a gap in the earth into the daylight. These individuals endured numerous catastrophes and incidents until God guided them to rich land where they could at long last settle down.Pueblo individuals made services that occurred in underground load, where they would rehearse ceremonies to fix illnesses or to approach their God for good climate. They were likewise dedicated to nature; they had customs where they journey nature for richness and effective chases and seasons. Much the same as the Iroquois the two of them had the legend that God had sent his twin children to the normal world to make an offset with dualism. The Iroquois individuals were perhaps the most recent local to have had experiences with the Europeans. This gave them approach to grow progressively stable networks effectively. Since the appearance of the Europeans to the Americas, the Iroquois had built up an exchanging framework which helped them procure products which were absolutely new to them. For instance: blades and other chasing objects which made them progressively productive. They had propelled arsenal and devices contrasted with different clans yet when it came to battling with the Europeans, their odds were thin. The French had forefront weaponry like covering made of metal, guns, while the Iroquois had wooden protective layer and battled with bows and bolt, and other progressively customary weapons.Even however they were known to have been solid in fight, when they needed to stand up to the Europeans and their other Indian clans, there was another perspective which made their fight significantly harder, illnesses. Europeans had just been battling against infections, for example, smallpox, flu and others, for which they had built up an insusceptibility to them and furthermore had approaches to fix them. At the point when they at long last had contact with one another, these illnesses began to spread with the eliminating microscopic organisms. Then again, the Iroquois, who had no information on these maladies nor a safe framework that could battle them, experienced themselves with a scourge vanish of their kin. The showdowns with the Europeans changed their lifestyles since they needed to discover different approaches to have stable networks. The Pueblo Indians, who had been in contact with the Spanish for a much resentment timeframe, were a piece of a general public where the Europeans had solid impact. The Spanish had oppressed the locals and constrained them to embrace Christianity as their religion.The intensity of the Spanish was entirely conspicuous when they began to detain and torment Pueblo Indians in the event that they didn't adhere to their principles. By and by, the Spanish presented cultivating and chasing strategies which helped the Indian people group develop and grow all the more quickly. For three ages, local were persecuted until a pioneer named Pope sorted out a rebel against the Spanish. This resistance was called he Pueblo Revolt. At the point when it happened a great many Indians united and combat and constrained the Spanish out of their domain, which they accomplished.After the ejection of the Europeans, they reestablished their strict organizations, convictions and all the more significantly settled freedom of their towns and pueblos. While Iroquois and Pueblo Indian locals had various perspectives strategically, strictly, socially and monetarily, they were the two social orders wherein nature was dedicated and loved. They lived of the land and this associated them to the Earth and its seasons incredibly. They were profound individuals who accepted that spirits had a significant part in their lives and that they lived among them and saw their activities.

How to Use Harry Potter to Learn German

The most effective method to Use Harry Potter to Learn German You can utilize Harry Potter to mystically improve your German. The books and book recordings are accessible in German, interpreted by Klaus Fritz. The books are mainstream in German-talking nations and are promptly accessible through Amazon.com and different book shops. Print and Audiobook Versions of Harry Potter One peruser purchased the book and book recording and read them together to learn articulation and beat. She frequently looked into new words and expressions in a dictionary. She said that tuning in to the book recording the first run through was a heavy haze of German. In any case, after a couple of times, the words got particular and soon the story developed. She started perusing the page out loud just subsequent to hearing it to improve her articulation. Harry Potter Audiobooks (Hã ¶rbã ¼cher) One of the attractions of the German Harry Potter books is the sound. Storyteller Rufus Beck has won commendation for his exuberant perusing of the Potter books in German. Audience members state they are tempted to hear them out again and again, and reiteration is generally excellent for learning. Similarly as the reiteration of the Harry Potter tapes has given my discourse in German class to some degree less unnatural and reluctant. Harry Potter Titles in German The print books are accessible in electronic adaptations for the Kindle peruser and application and as book recordings through Amazon.com and Audible.com Harry Potter und der Stein der Weisen - The German release of book one: The Sorcerers Stone, otherwise known as The Philosophers StoneHarry Potter und bite the dust Kammer des Schreckens - The second book in the arrangement, The Chamber of Secrets.Harry Potter und der Gefangene von Askaban - Book three in the arrangement: The Prisoner of AzkabanHarry Potter und der Feuerkelch - The fourth book in the arrangement, The Goblet of Fire.Harry Potter und der Orden des Phã ¶nix - The German rendition of the fifth book in the arrangement was distributed on Nov. 8, 2003.Harry Potter und der Halbblutprinz - The German form of the 6th book (Half-Blood Prince) in the arrangement was distributed on Oct. 1, 2005.Harry Potter und bite the dust Heiligtã ¼mer des Todes - The German form of the seventh and last book. Names/Namenin German versus English Harry Potter Books The majority of the names for individuals - first and last - in the German Harry Potter books have been left in their unique English structure. Indeed, even Albus Dumbledore, Voldemort, and Severus Snapeâ keep their unique names in German. However, for reasons unknown â€Å"Aunt Marge† becomes â€Å"Tante Magda† or â€Å"Maggie† - despite the fact that Marge is a type of Margaret, and Magda is short for Magdalene. Some other name changes are generally minor: â€Å"Hermione† becomes â€Å"Hermine† in German. Yet, the character named â€Å"Wormtail† is called â€Å"Wurmschwanz† in German - a coherent and exacting interpretation, Road names are deciphered decently straightforwardly. â€Å"Privet Drive† becomes Ligusterweg in German (Liguster privet, a shrub, family Ligustrum, utilized for supports). In any case, the legendary â€Å"Diagon Alley† becomes Winkelgasse (â€Å"angle lane†) and the statement with a double meaning of the first is lost. English-German Harry Potter Glossary This rundown contrasts words and articulations and keys to the hardcover versions. The example sentences show regular jargon, just as terms identified with the books. Key:English, with hardcover volume/page (1/p4)Deutsch/German with Band/Seite (1/S9) holler at s.o/wail s.o. out jdn. zur Schnecke machenhe hollered at five unique individuals (1/p4)er machte fã ¼nf verschiedene Leute zur Schnecke (1/S8) stop dead wie angewurzelt stehenbleibenMr. Dursley halted abruptly (1/p4)Mr. Dursley blieb wie angewurzelt stehen (1/S8) snap at s.o. jdn. anfauchenhe raged at his secretary (1/p4)er fauchte seine Sekretrin a (1/S9) shelf/mantelpiece der KaminsimsOnly the photos on the mantelpiece gave him how much time had passed. (1/p18)Nur kick the bucket Fotos auf dem Kaminsims fã ¼hrten einem vor Augen, wie viel Zeit verstrichen war. (1/S24) booger der Popelâ€Å"Urgh - troll boogers.† (1/p177) »Uh, Troll-Popel.â « (1/S194) contention der StreitNot just because, a contention had broken out over breakfast at number 4, Privet Drive. (2/p1)Im Ligusterweg Nummer 4 war mal wieder bereits beim Frã ¼hstã ¼ck Streit ausgebrochen. (2/S?) scar bite the dust NarbeIt was this scar made Harry so especially strange, in any event, for a wizard. (2/p4)Diese Narbe machte Harry sogar in der Welt der Zauberer zu etwas ganz Besonderem. (2/S?) supper coat der Smokingâ€Å"Right - Im off into town to get the supper coats for Dudley and me.† (2/p7) »Gut - ich fahr in kick the bucket Stadt und hol bite the dust Smokings fã ¼r mich und Dudley ab.â « (2/S?) peer eagerly konzentriert schauenAunt Petunia, who was hard and horse-confronted, whipped around and looked eagerly out of the kitchen window. (3/p16)Tante Petunia, knochig und pferdegesichtig, wirbelte herum und schaute konzentriert aus dem Kã ¼chenfenster. (3/S?) set up with, endure ertragenHarry knew consummately well that Dudley just set up with Aunt Marges embraces since he was generously compensated for it... (3/p22)Harry wusste genau, dass Dudley Tante Magdas Umarmungen nur ertrug, weil er dafã ¼r gut bezahlt wurde. (3/S?) odd, peculiar; corner to corner schrgâ€Å"Always thought he was odd,† she told the energetically listening locals, after her fourth sherry. (4/p2) »Mir ist er immer schrg vorgekommenâ «, verkã ¼ndete sie nach dem vierten Glas Sherry lair begierig lauschenden Dã ¶rflern. (4/S?) let s.o. go jmdn. laufen lassenAs there was no verification that the Riddles had been killed by any means, the police had to release Frank. (4/p4)Da ein Mord a cave Riddles nicht zu beweisen war, musste bite the dust Polizei Frank laufen lassen. (4/S?)

Writing A Sample Of Conclusion In Synthesis Essay

Writing A Sample Of Conclusion In Synthesis EssayFor some students it is important to have samples of conclusion in synthesis essay because they have to come up with their own summaries in order to maximize the usefulness of the essay. It is important for an essay to contain a summary of the ideas or content that are presented, so that students can be confident that what they will read in the rest of the essay will be comprehensive and not just subjective. A summary of the content presented in the first part of the essay should also clearly demonstrate how the writer can fully express the information presented throughout the essay.A synthesized essay must contain these samples of conclusion in synthesis because it is more than an essay with just a summary; it is an essay that has been properly formulated. The first sample is, of course, the main point of the essay. You cannot learn much about any subject by just reading the written material. You need to understand it and apply it in order to learn it.So it is important to take advantage of all the time that you spend on synthesis essay. This involves the interpretation of all the material presented throughout the essay. You must understand what the author is trying to say and must make sure that you can use the information presented in the essay to further your knowledge. You also have to learn how to use the new information you have to be successful in the future. Writing samples of conclusion in synthesis will help you gain the ability to synthesize the information and to come up with your own summary of what was said.You have to remember that the synthesis essay is not just about just summarizing the information that was given. It is also about understanding it so that you can use the information and apply it to your life. Students have different knowledge and expectations from the course that they took, and so it is important to put forward your own understanding of the information that you learn throughout the semester. You should then go into your future projects with confidence that you can useall the information presented throughout the semester to effectively do what you learned throughout the semester.Some students prefer to summarize their own synthesis essay with just one sample of conclusion in synthesis. This can help them come up with a concise summary of the major points and concepts. Others may have a summary of conclusions that include a few different samples of synthesis.Writing samples of conclusion in synthesis is an important part of the writing process of any synthesis essay. Without it the student will not have a clear and concise summary of the material that they learn. If you take the time to write a strong conclusion, you will have a well-written essay that can help you through your last year of college.Students who are seeking to become writers need to focus on synthesizing their own synthesis essay. Writing samples of conclusion in synthesis helps you reach th is goal.

Those Rare and Solitary Aspirations to Godliness - Literature Essay Samples

Paradise Lost explores the natural aspiration to stand alone and to be distinguished from the multitudes. Adam, Eve, Satan, even God himself strain to assert their superiority and godliness by attempting to wield the most visible proof of godly power: the ability to create. However, they all (including God) fail to some extent because they are motivated by their narcissistic intentions to selfishly create imitations that seek only to reinforce their superiority. They can merely create copies that are inferior to the originals, due to their inability to realize that only God can create inherent worth. The only way to progress towards a semblance of godliness is not to proudly make external, boastful imitations of oneself, but rather, to humbly make ones spirit an intangible, spiritual imitation of God.Throughout Paradise Lost, Satan and God try to distinguish themselves by setting themselves apart from the multitudes that surround them. Out of the whole host of demons, Satan alone off ers to take the solitary flight through Chaos. Then, after alone thus wandering (3.667) and walk[ing] up and down alone, bent on his prey/ alone(3.441-2), he imagines himself as being alone, even though he is being watched by Uriel (4.129). Similarly, God alone sits by himself, hidden behind a cloud (4.202). This seclusion heightens the sense of having untouchable power, of being with transcendent glory raised/ above his fellows (2.427-8). A state of solitude avoids the oppressive banality associated with being just one among the masses. Gods angels are innumerable (5.585), a multitude (3.345) of ten thousand thousand (5.588); Satans devils are also innumerable (1.699). These hordes of creatures are perpetually thronged or swarmed, compared to bees that are so equal that theyre indistinguishable, and incapable of action except in a group (1.761-9). Like the brute bee created by God, multitudes are often bestial and without sanctity of reason, compressed together into a single unit t hat seems to serve only to mindlessly applaud and sing praises on cue (7.507-8).In contrast, gods can think independently. Milton does not put value on the brute force of numbers, but rather on the subtle tricks and wiles that only individuals can pull off. For example, while the devil multitude sits meekly in Pandemonium, their strength and weapons useless, Satan alone manages to destroy humanitys innocence solely with the persuasiveness of his tongue. With power equal to the collective might of the entire group, these individuals, those rare and solitary, [not like] these in flocks are raised above the fallen and consequently are visible, autonomous and exclusively powerful (7.461). God alone and Satan are constantly surrounded by multitudes, and as a result, their solitude is even more apparent, which highlights the inequality of their disproportionate might compared to that of the masses, in turn suggesting their godliness.Milton twice states that it is absurd to equal over equa ls to let rein, and that a monarch must be superior to those he rules (5.820). Having established themselves to be above the ubiquitous equality of multitudes, Miltons characters seek to be equal with a higher entity. Thinking that their solitude makes them supreme, their inflated egos lead them to aim to affect all equality with God (5.763). In order to assert their preeminence over the bestial multitudes, and thus prove their godliness, Adam, Eve, Satan and God try to exercise the most noticeable form of godly power: the role of Creator. They reason that they must be superior to beings that they themselves create. God declares the creatures which [he] made to be second to [him] or like, equal much less (8.407-9). They are inferior to God in their inequality and in their debt to him as their creator.However, the power of these characters is insecure, including that of God himself. For each aspirant, godliness is only achieved if others acknowledge them as gods, if they have a cheer leading squad of worshippers. Satans confidence as the leader of Hells demons rests on his expecting/ their universal shout and high applause (10. 504-5). The possess the uncertainty of believing that godliness is only legitimized through adulation; it is not enough for them to convince themselves that they can become godlike; only external expression can persuade them of their success as creators. Milton surrounds each of God and Satans great speeches with jubilees, loud hosannas, awful reverence and solemn adoration (2.478), underscoring the importance of acclaim as a prerequisite to divinity (3.347). It is ironic that the characters try to replicate this outside approval by creating it themselves through offspring that praise them incessantly, almost impassively, as in the vein of professional mourners. God had man created in his image, [on Earth] to dwell/ and worship him and multiply a race of worshippers, not to benefit from Gods grace, but to refill the empty ranks of his adm irers (7.626-9). Eve is advised to create multitudes like [her]self so that her progeny could revere her as the Mother of human race (4.474-5). Neither Eve nor God seems to create in order to have something to love, but rather, to have something that loves them.This egotistic, self-aggrandizing impulse leads the would-be gods to abuse the power to create. Their narcissism corrupts their godly ambitions, leading them to create copies of themselves, instead of a responsible hierarchy of creatures that supports all life, like a truly well-intentioned god would. Adam and Eve were pleasurable and worthy to God not because they tended Eden, but because in [their] naked majesty/ the image of their glorious Maker shone (4.291-2). Furthermore, God did not create these copies to love as separate beings, but rather so that he could have even more ways to admire himself. Likewise, when Adam is overmuch admiring/ what seemd in [Eve] so perfect (9.1178), he is actually enjoying himself, whose ima ge [Eve] art (4.472). This is externalized praise in its most extreme form. It allows these narcissist creators to expand their power indefinitely, to express absolute dominion over their creation. This way, they assure themselves of their superiority by creating beings that are fundamentally inferior and unequal to them while simultaneously reproducing beloved reflections of themselves.However, because these potential gods abuse the power of creation by using incestuous methods, many of their creations turn out to be perverted. Narcissistic Adam and Satan, both enamored of their own likenesses, create daughters from their bodies, the flesh of [their] flesh (4.441). However, these creations are perverted when both creators, viewing in their offspring their perfect image, desire their daughters (2.764). As a result, the birth of Eve and Sin does not serve to benefit them as individuals, but rather, to satisfy the ungodly lusts of their creators through the distorted roles of daughter and darling/ without end (2.870). Similarly, Sin is raped by her own offspring, Death, and the ensuing cycle of unnatural creation results in more depraved offspring, here, yelling monsters (2.795). In a final irony, Satan issues forth his devilish followers, only to see that the multitudes of his issue are now deformed, a crowd/ of ugly serpents. It is fitting that he, the ultimate narcissist, is then transformed into a huge Python to match his perverted progeny. Though he still seemed above the rest (10.51-2), his narcissistic need for his offspring to be all transformed alike ultimately equalizes him, making him just another suffering snake in the swarm that he has created (10.519).Gods natural creations are meant to maintain equilibrium, a homeostasis between all different components of all his creations united in one world. Satan, Adam and Eve are denied these creative powers because of their selfish, narrow motivations for wanting to create, and their subsequent abuse of tha t ability. Not only are these characters too weak to stand as alone as God, but their failure to instill inherent worth in their creations and inability to comprehend the sublimity of the creative process causes them to only create imitations that are inferior to Gods originals.First, in acting on their godlike delusions, the characters show themselves to be poor imitations of God, the only Author of this universe (8.359). Satan, the aspiring author and prime architect, attempts to mimic Gods language as if he can attain the divine ability to create just by miming the true Creators words (10.356). After God proclaims that the earth now/ seemed like to heavn, a seat where gods might dwell, Satan declares O earth, how like to heavn seat worthier of gods (9.99-100). Like God, he addresses his multitudes as from a cloud (10.449). However, Satan is only able to copy the most visible, obvious, trivial traits of God, because his motivation to be godly is too constricted. He cannot create a nything of value on his own because his mind is not independent; rather, he is inexorably tied to God, always wanting to surpass God, ruin God, copy God. Yet, despite imitating all aspects of God, he finds that his competitiveness makes him too weak to be divinely singular, because everything he does is done in response to Gods action. Similarly, Adam and Eve find that they cannot handle the pressures of being far removed and solitary. While alone, Eve is vulnerable to the trickery of Satans tongue and Adam is susceptible to loneliness. He muses in solitude/ what happiness, who can enjoy alone, recognizing that humans cannot withstand isolation like God can, nor can they bear the idea of being able to create, but being unable to participate in their creations (8.364-5).Secondly, the creations of the characters are imperfect imitations of Gods creations because they have no inherent worth. These copies are all created through pictures, using tangible, visual things, evoking the brigh t image of false goddesses and their own work in wood and stone (1.440, 12.119). By allowing themselves to be beguiled by fair idolatresses and fall to idols foul, these so-called creators abandon the active, living nature of creation in favor of static, one-dimensional representations of nothing (1.445-6). Furthermore, these brutish forms can easily be defaced and destroyed (1.481), the brute image can be maimed head and hands lopt off (1.459). Adam, Eve and Satan are not capable of creating invulnerable creations because they only have the bestial competence to understand just what they can see. They are oblivious to the impenetrability of a deeper layer of the spirit. Imitation is sturdiest when it is not just a physical reproduction, but rather, the soul seeking to be like something better than itself. Ignorant of this, the would-be creators resort to flattery, claiming fairest resemblance of thy Maker fair, merely a prettified version of yet another visual, soulless imitation ( 9.538).Furthermore, these creators impulse to signify their godliness by making replicas of themselves, their fundamental need to delightfully increase and multiply, is the sign of distinctly human imperfections (10.730). The true God can simultaneously achieve solitude and singularity while making infinite, omnipresent imitations of himself, copying himself numbers without number and containing them all within his soul (2.346). This unity of many and one cannot be replicated by humans due to their preoccupation with the strict, immovable boundaries of the physical realm. Without the expandable flexibility of the spirit, when humans reproduce, like of his like, his image multiplied, [it will be] in unity defective because there is no room for compromise or the union of opposites in a single being as there is in God (8.425-6).Thirdly, Adam, Eve and Satans creations can never hope to perfectly imitate God because God is far too sublime for them to even comprehend. Throughout the text, Milton expresses a discrepancy between human and divine language. Human insight cannot possibly hope to grasp the sublime wonder that is God; to attempt to juxtapose the scope of their knowledge would be as if great things to small may be compared (10.306). Raphael, coming across this difficulty firsthand while explaining Gods world to Adam, is forced to temper his explanations with the dialect of men interpreted (5.761-2). Men who cannot even understand explanations of Gods creative process cannot hope to create on their own, much less produce creations superior to Gods. Milton understands that when trying to attain the highth and depth of [Gods] eternal ways/ all human thoughts come short, accordingly, he uses metaphor when explaining God to show that he is, in fact, indescribable, and thus, unreachable by men (8.411-3). God is truly solitary in his superiority and sublimity in language, as if elevated above the multitude of ambitious but unqualified men by an insurmountable towe r of Babel.The barriers preventing Adam, Eve, and Satan from becoming like divine creators are built from their pride and narcissistic preoccupation with images, as well as the limitations of their minds and aims. The alternative to aspiring to godliness is to internalize and humble the urge to be stand apart by recreating ones soul as a modest, spiritual imitation of the only true, superior God. The first step towards producing a creation that will persevere through time is to abandon material, visual imitation, and to imitate God inwardly, to leave this Paradise, but possess a paradise within thee (12.586-7). Eve begins this process by imitating Gods language in her repentance, mirroring he for God only, she for God in him with her confession, thou against God only, I against God and thee (10.930). By seeking to be like God in the first moments of her remorse, Eve illustrates a compromise between autonomous solitude and collaborative multitude. She is now independent to do her pen ance alone, but she seeks the companionship of God and Adam to help her. Rather than try to transcend equality to become superior above all, man must accept that, because he is incapable of godly things, he must fall into a pattern of just equality with his fellow men (7.487). Rather than pursue godlike singularity, he must accept the need for companionship and reinforcement. As a result, Eve can be hand in hand alone with God (4.689), and with Adam a fair couple, linked in happy nuptial league/ alone as they (4.339-40). The poem ends with that image of joint solitude, as Adam and Eve, hand in handtook their solitary way (12.648-9).

Zorya, Slavic Goddess of Light

In Slavic mythology, Zorya (pronounced ZOR-yah and spelled in myriad ways, Zaryi, Zoria, Zorza, Zory, Zore) is the Goddess of the Dawn and the daughter of the sun god Dazbog. In different tales, Zorya has between one and three different aspects, appearing at different times of the day. She is Zorya Utrennyaya (Dawn, the Goddess of the Morning Star) in the morning, Zorya Vechernyaya (Dusk, the Goddess of the Evening Star) at evening, and the otherwise unnamed Zorya (the Goddess of Midnight).   Key Takeaways: Zorya Alternate Names: The Auroras,  Zora, Zaria, Zarya, Zory, ZoreRough Equivalents: Aurora (Roman), Titan Eos (Greek)Epithets: The Dawn, the Spring-tide Sun, or Thunder-goddess, The Three SistersCulture/Country: Slavic  Realms and Powers:  Control over dusk, dawn; protectors of warriors; responsible for keeping the lion-dog god Simargl in chainsFamily: Daughter of Dzbog, the wife of Perun, or the wife of Myesyats; sister(s) to the Zvezdy Zorya in Slavic Mythology The dawn goddess Zorya (Light) lives in Buyan, a legendary paradisaical island east of the sunrise. She is the daughter of Dazbog, the god of the sun. Her main responsibility is to open the gates of her fathers palace in the morning, to let him create dawn and travel through the skies, then to close the gates after him at dusk.   Zorya is also the wife of Perun, the Slavic god of thunder (generally equivalent to Thor). In this role Zorya  dresses in long veils, and rides into battle with Perun, letting down her veil to protect her favorites among the warriors. In Serbian tales, she is the wife of the moon (Myesyats).   Aspects of Zorya Depending on the version of the tale, Zorya is one goddess with two (or three) aspects or instead is two (or three) separate goddesses. When she is two goddesses, she is sometimes illustrated as standing on both sides of her fathers throne.   In her dawn aspect, she is called the Morning Star (Zorya Utrennyaya), and she is a lusty maiden, full of energy. In her dusk aspect, the Evening Star (Zorya Vechernyaya), she is more sedate but still seductive. Some tales include her third aspect in which she has no other name, referred to as simply Midnight (Zorya Polunochnaya as translated by writer Neil Gaiman), a shadowy indistinct figure that rules over the darkest part of the night.   Keeping the World Together Together the two or three sisters guard a deity who is sometimes unnamed and referred to as a hound or a bear, and sometimes named as the winged lion deity Simargl. Whoever he is, the deity is chained to Polaris in the constellation Ursa Minor, and it wishes to eat the constellation. If it breaks loose, the world will end.   Three Sisters   Scholars such as Barbara Walker note that the Zoryas are an example of a common feature of many different mythologies: the Three Sisters. These three women are often aspects of time (past, present, future) or age (virgin, mother, crone), or life itself (creator, preserver, destroyer).   Examples of the three sisters can be found in several legends like Slavic, in that they derive from Indo-European languages. They include Irish tales of the Morrigan and in Briton tales of the Triple Guinevere or Brigit of the Britons. Greek mythology has three Gorgons and three Harpies, among others. The Hittites and Greeks both had versions of three Fates (the Moirai). Shakespeare used three weird sisters to warn Macbeth of his fate, and, perhaps more to the point, Russian playwright Anton Chekhov (1860–1904) used Three Sisters (Olga, Masha, and Irina Prozorov) to illustrate what he saw of the past, present, and future of Russia. Zorya in Modern Culture   Renewed interest in Slavic mythology was brought to the west by the work of British writer Neil Gaiman, whose novel American Gods features many Slavic gods, including the Zoryas. In the book and television series, the Zoryas live in a brownstone in New York with the god Czernobog.   Zorya Utrennyaya is an old woman (Cloris Leachman in the series); she is not a good liar and a poor fortune teller. Zorya Vechernyaya (Martha Kelly) is middle-aged, and tells fortunes in the twilight and evening; and Zorya Polunochnaya (Erika Kaar) is the youngest, who tells no lies at all and keeps watch on the sky through a telescope.   Sources   Dixon-Kennedy, Mike. Encyclopedia of Russian and Slavic Myth and Legend. Santa Barbara CA: ABC-CLIO, 1998. Print.Monaghan, Patricia. Encyclopedia of Goddesses and Heroines, Volume 1 and 2. Santa Barbara: Greenwood ABC CLIO, 2010.Ralston, W.R.S. The Songs of the Russian People, as Illustrative of Slavonic Mythology and Russian Social Life. London: Ellis Green, 1872. Print.Walker, Barbara. The Womans Encyclopedia of Myths and Secrets. San Francisco: Harper and Row, 1983. Print.

Profile of Switzerland

Switzerland is a landlocked country in Western Europe. It is one of the richest countries in the world and has consistently ranked high for its quality of life. Switzerland is known for its history of being neutral during wartimes. It is the home of many international organizations like the World Trade Organization, but it is not a member of the European Union. Fast Facts: Switzerland Official Name: Swiss ConfederationCapital: BernPopulation: 8,292,809 (2018)Official Languages: German (or Swiss German), French, Italian, RomanshCurrency: Swiss franc (CHF)Form of Government: Federal republic (formally a confederation)Â  Climate: Temperate, but varies with altitudeTotal Area: 15,937 square miles (41,277 square kilometers)Highest Point: Dufourspitze at 15,203 feet (4,634 meters)Lowest Point: Lake Maggiore at 639 feet (195 meters) History of Switzerland Switzerland was originally inhabited by the Helvetians and the area that makes up todays country, which became part of the Roman Empire in the first century BCE. When the Roman Empire began to decline, Switzerland was invaded by several German tribes. In 800, Switzerland became a part of Charlemagnes Empire. Shortly thereafter, control of the country was passed through the Holy Roman emperors. In the 13th century, new trade routes across the Alps opened and Switzerlands mountain valleys became important and were given some independence as cantons. In 1291, the Holy Roman Emperor died and, according to the U.S. Department of State, the ruling families of several mountain communities signed a charter to keep peace and independent rule. From 1315–1388, Swiss Confederates were involved in several conflicts with the Habsburgs and their borders expanded. In 1499, the Swiss Confederates gained independence from the Holy Roman Empire. Following its independence and a defeat by the French and Venetians in 1515, Switzerland ended its policies of expansion. Throughout the 1600s, there were several European conflicts but the Swiss remained neutral. From 1797–1798, Napoleon annexed part of the Swiss Confederation and a centrally governed state was established. In 1815, the Congress of Vienna preserved the countrys status as a permanently armed neutral state. In 1848, a short civil war between Protestants and Catholics led to the formation of a federal state modeled after the United States. A Swiss Constitution was then drafted and was amended in 1874 to ensure cantonal independence and democracy. In the 19th century, Switzerland underwent industrialization and it remained neutral during World War I. During World War II, Switzerland also remained neutral despite pressure from surrounding countries. After the war, Switzerland began to grow its economy. It did not join the Council of Europe until 1963 and it is still not a part of the European Union. In 2002, Switzerland became a member of the United Nations. Government of Switzerland Today, Switzerlands government is formally a confederation but it is more similar in structure to a federal republic. It has an executive branch with a chief of state, a head of government that is filled by the president, a bicameral Federal Assembly with the Council of States, and the National Council for its legislative branch. Switzerlands judicial branch is made up of a Federal Supreme Court. The country is divided into 26 cantons for local administration, and each has a high degree of independence. Each canton is equal in status. People of Switzerland Switzerland is unique in its demography because it is made up of three linguistic and cultural regions. These are German, French, and Italian. As a result, Switzerland is not a nation based on one ethnic identity; instead, it is based on its common historical background and shared governmental values. The official languages of Switzerland are German, French, Italian, and Romansh. Economics and Land Use in Switzerland Switzerland is one of the wealthiest nations in the world and has a very strong market economy. Unemployment is low and its labor force is also very highly skilled. Agriculture makes up a small part of its economy and the main products include grains, fruit, vegetables, meat, and eggs. The largest industries in Switzerland are machinery, chemicals, banking, and insurance. In addition, expensive goods such as watches and precision instruments are also produced in Switzerland. Tourism is also a very large industry in the country due to its natural setting in the Alps. Geography and Climate of Switzerland Switzerland is located in Western Europe, to the east of France and to the north of Italy. It is known for its mountain landscapes and small mountain villages. The topography of Switzerland is varied but it is mainly mountainous with the Alps in the south and the Jura Mountains in the northwest. There is also a central plateau with rolling hills and plains, and there are many large lakes throughout the country. Dufourspitze at 15,203 feet (4,634 m) is Switzerlands highest point but there are many other peaks that are at very high elevations as well—the Matterhorn near the town of Zermatt in Valais is the most famous. The climate of Switzerland is temperate but it varies with altitude. Most of the country has cold and rainy to snowy winters and cool to warm and sometimes humid summers. Bern, Switzerlands capital, has an average January low temperature of 25.3 degrees F (-3.7 degrees C) and an average July high of 74.3 degrees F (23.5 degrees C). Sources Central Intelligence Agency. CIA. The World Factbook -Switzerland.Infoplease.com. . Infoplease.comSwitzerland: History, Geography, Government, and Culture.United States Department of State. Switzerland.

Customer Profile Based On The Information You Provided

Investment Policy Statement Client Profile Date: 2015-04-01 Prepared for: Aaron McDavid Address: 123 the first Street Province: Ontario Postal Code: A1B 2C3 Phone: 789-563-2479 Prepared by: Siye Jin Address: 123 the fifth Street Province: Ontario Postal Code: A5B 2C3 Phone: 801-963-8525 The following is a summary of your investor profile based on the information you provided: †¢ Your annual gross income is $ 125,000 †¢ Your net worth is $750,000 †¢ Your primary investment objective is to achieve moderate growth. †¢ Your time horizon is 40 years. †¢ You expect a 4% to 8% average annual return for your portfolio in the long term (+10 years) before tax and after inflation. †¢ You have good investment knowledge. Your current assets allocation ï  ¬ Cash $12,500 CI Money Market Fund ï  ¬ Fixed-Income $85,000 AGF Canadian Bond Fund$ 140,000 O’Leary Canadian Bond Yield (Series A) Fund ï  ¬ Equity- Canadian $20,000 Mawer Canadian Equity Fund ï  ¬ Equity- Global $100,000 Mawer U.S. Equity Fund $15,000 RBC Global Energy Fund Introduction for IPS The investment policy statement provides a linkage between the client, manager/advisor and the investment portfolio. It serves as a structured decision-making process for clients and advisors and helps to balance return seeking and risk taking. Also, IPS offers clarity and generally helps to build a higher level of trust between client and advisor. TheShow MoreRelatedCredit Card737 Words   |  3 PagesCase Study : How much do credit card companies know about you? 1. What competitive strategy are the credit card companies pursuing? How do information systems support that strategy? 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The Theory Of Operant Conditioning - 1792 Words

In the textbook operant conditioning can be defined as â€Å"the control of behavior through manipulation of rewards and punishments in the environment, particularly the laboratory environment† (Cervone Pervin, 2013). B.F. skinner who created the operant conditioning procedure believed that all humans are controlled by the environments that they experience and that by changing the environment it is possible to reinforce a behavior that benefits everyone (Cervone Pervin, 2013). Skinner also believed that the goal of such a procedure should be to benefit mankind. A major tool in operant conditioning is the use of a reinforcer, which is something that occurs after a response and increases the probability of that same response occurring in the future again (Cervone Pervin, 2013). There are two different types of reinforcement: positive reinforcement and negative reinforcement. Positive reinforcement refers to the addition of something pleasant to increase a behavior whereas neg ative reinforcement is the removal of something unpleasant to increase a behavior (Cervone Pervin, 2013). Skinner developed a tool called the Skinner box which was used to study the effects of reinforcers on behavior. The Skinner box would present the subject (usually a small animal such as a rat) with a reinforcer and see if the reinforcer influenced the frequency of a certain behavior such as pushing a lever that was followed by receiving food as a reinforcer (Cervone Pervin, 2013). Skinner alsoShow MoreRelatedThe Theory Of Operant Conditioning869 Words   |  4 Pagesthree and a half-year old Gertrude to whom I will apply the theory of operant conditioning to get her to meet a scheduled bed time. Her Mother is facing a steep learning curve with respect to; second language, new cultural, a newborn with a serious disease and isolated from her family (UK and Congo). It is of the utmost importance that we have Gertrude’s behaviour changed to ease the transition to Canada. Discussion Operant conditioning is happening in our everyday lives, it can be found at workRead MoreThe Theory Of Operant Conditioning1489 Words   |  6 PagesOperant Conditioning Operant conditioning is a form of learning where people or animals change their behavior because of the reinforcement given after a desired response. A good example of operant conditioning is, a teacher giving five percent of the marks to students, who have good attendance. The theory is useful in teaching programmed instructions, where the information is given in small bits to reinforce the responses (Litow Pumroy, 1975). Additionally, the theory can help in shaping students’Read MoreTheory of Operant Conditioning933 Words   |  4 PagesTheory of Operant Conditioning Instrumental conditioning, otherwise known as operant conditioning is a theory that B.F Skinner came up with and is defined as a learning process by which the consequence of an operant response affects the likelihood of the response recurring in the future. Basically, operant conditioning is a stimulus response prototype that when reinforced, conditions individuals or organisms response to a desired behavior (Huitt, W., Hummel, J., 1997) Our behaviors are shapedRead MoreThe Theory of Operant Conditioning1136 Words   |  5 Pages The Theory of Operant Conditioning PSY390 October 6, 2014 Introduction The study of human behavior by psychologists such as B.F. Skinner, Edward Thorndike, Ivan Pavlov, and Watson is fascinating. These five psychologists each have different theories on human behavior. There are similarities and differences in each of the theories. Ivan Pavlov’s classical conditioning theory, studied animals and formed the basis for behavioral psychology (Cherry, 2013). Edward Thorndike’s theory of connectionismRead MoreThe Theory Of Operant Conditioning989 Words   |  4 PagesOperant Conditioning: Procrastination The principals of operant conditioning, teaches how having certain coping techniques can reward certain undesirable behaviors. Conditioning human behavior has been studied for many years, Psychologists Edward Thorndike and B.F. Skinner, have dedicated majority of their lives to the study. Thorndike’s theory Law of effect. Thorndike suggest that certain stimuli and response become connected or dissociated from each other. His experiment worked by placing a catRead MoreThe Theory Of Operant Conditioning1934 Words   |  8 Pagesat the theory of Operant Conditioning and all the many aspects that go along with it. This theory of Operant Conditioning by B. F. Skinner is a great guideline that can be used in the classroom. Operant Conditioning is definitely a theory that can change the way a classroom is ran. Throughout this paper we will see what behaviorism is and what operant conditioning is as a whole, along with the educational implications of this theory. Biographical Background of (Theorist) The theory of Operant ConditioningRead MoreThe Theory Of Operant Conditioning1212 Words   |  5 PagesOperant conditioning (sometimes referred to as instrumental conditioning) is a method of learning that occurs through rewards and punishments for behavior. Through operant conditioning, an association is made between a behavior and a consequence for that behavior. For example, when a lab rat presses a blue button, he receives a food pellet as a reward, but when he presses the red button he receives a mild electric shock. As a result, he learns to press the blue button but avoid the red button. TheRead MoreThe Theory Of Operant Conditioning Theory Essay746 Words   |  3 Pagescame up with the idea of what is known as operant conditioning (Rholetter, 2013). Operant conditioning is one of two theories in learning that illustrates behaviorism (Kretchmar, 2015). It is according to Rholetter (2013), â€Å"the idea that behavior is the learned result of consequences†. Skinner believed that learning during operant conditioning is done based upon the outcome of a given situation (Lefrancois, 2012, p. 91). His operant conditioning theory is constructed on reinforcements consistingRead MoreBehaviorism And The Operant Conditioning Theory Essay1415 Words   |  6 Pagesalso. Learning theories are conceptualized frameworks which describe how individuals absorb, process and retain information. Behaviorists such as John B. Watson, B.F. Skinner, Edward L. Thorndike, Ivan Pavlov and Edwin R. Guthrie believed that all learners were passive in nature and only responded to extern al stimuli. Behaviorism, as explored by the before mentioned, is a biological basis of learning and focuses exclusively on observable behaviors. This includes Thorndike’s theory of connectionismRead MoreThe Theory Of Behaviorism And Operant Conditioning895 Words   |  4 Pages B.F Skinner Renowned American psychologist B.F. Skinner, well known for his theory on behaviorism and operant conditioning. He was the most influential 20th - century psychologist. His works includes â€Å"The Behavior of Organisms† (1938) which was about the results in his experiment with operant conditioning, and a novel based on his theories â€Å"Walden† (1948). He was not only a psychologist he was a behaviorist, teacher, author, inventor, and a social philosopher as well. Born as Burrhus Frederic

Contrast between Korean and Vietnam wars free essay sample

During the events of the Cold war, many proxy wars began to engulf disputed, independent nations that were considered of importance. Two major wars being the Vietnam war, and the Korean war. The cause of the United State’s involvement in both wars, was the attempt to fight the spread of Communism. The president of the US at the time of the Korean war, Dwight D. Eisenhower, had an ideology that if a country became Communist, then Communism would spread to neighboring countries. Which influenced the United States to become involved in both. Although the circumstance of both wars being different, the overall political objective was to fight Communism. Despite the main goal being to fight Communism, the wars themselves were different on many aspects. First of being that Korea was far more of a traditional war. Both sides having similar firearms, heavy artillery, and an actual known boundary of who’s side is who’s. We will write a custom essay sample on Contrast between Korean and Vietnam wars or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Apposed to Vietnam, where men under Ho Chi Minh’s leadership seemingly stood absolutely no chance against the Americans on almost all aspects. The Vietcong had lesser weaponry, lesser training, and just an allover lesser sized military. This unevenness prompted the northern backed troops to resort to guerrilla tactics. Making almost impossible for the United States troops to tell who their enemy truly was. When in comparison to the Korean war, The enemy at least always had a uniform for capitalist backed troops to identify them by. Although, Even if the North Koreans had lesser equipment, guerilla warfare would not be in their advantage, considering the terrain they were fighting on . While on the other hand, Vietnam had choice conditions of a tropical jungle for guerilla tactics. See, Korea’s forests were not dense enough to conceal movement, and making things harder was the heavily guarded border separating the north and south known as the 38th Parallel. Where as in Vietnam, relative locations where only known to be controlled by the Vietcong. Other noted significant differences are that In Korea, China had taken part in the war by assisting the Northern regime. While in Vietnam, China had little to no involvement. Even though the two are very different when it comes to the battlefield conditions, the political outcome was almost identical. Both ended with an overall failed objective for the United States. failed in the sense that Communism continued to spread despite their efforts. Korea being split into two nations, and south Vietnam being overrun by the northern Communist regime. Although Communist regimes being portrayed as an absolute horror for democracy and capitalism, The political parties that were backed by the United States in both instances where Dictatorships. Sorta ironic right? Furthermore, the presence of media in the Vietnam war had led to extremely unpopularity with the United States public. The same is for the Korean war. Both had extremely slow progress towards completing strategic objectives. Other similarities being that both wars were located in Asia, and both wars being caused communism vs capitalism. In the end, surveyors of these East Asian conflicts have the advantage of hindsight: We may see them as they have happened, not as they are happening. This means that it is easy to observe the social and physical entities of these wars, while at the same time understanding that the underlying political machinations are the same. Twice, the West went to war against the pawns of the Communist regimes, and twice they met the same challenges. However, the Korean War is considered a victory by some aspects(although we are technically still in an armistice with North Korea) while the Vietnam War is considered a failure in many respects. Never the less, both wars were widely considered to be futile.

Book Cafes

Question: Write an essay onof book cafes. Answer: Over the past few years, number of book cafes has witnessed a spike across many states of India. Readers of all ages squeeze out hours from their busy life to grab their favorite book from the shelves and fix up a perfect sitting in the nearest coffee shop to have a best time of their day during late evenings or lazy weekends. Given the growing popularity especially among youngsters, readers prefer reading in an isolated corner away from all the hustle and bustle of the chaotic life. There are various types of books available in the market belonging to a wide variety of topics around the world. It attracts readers to browse through the vast collection of books and spend hours in the caf. Thus the caf would generate revenue through selling coffee and scrumptious bakery products to book lovers. It will be a paradise for ardent readers of any age in the region. Henceforth, opening a book caf is an apt business idea which would allow voracious readers to invest in generating regular reve nue and growth in Delhi city. The business intends to attract and retain customers over a long period of time through enriched services. This business is aimed to enhance the experience of book lovers by providing them myriad choices through its unique set of books for different sections of the readers along with coffee and quick snacks. Statement of the Problem: The region has many cafes and shops for book lovers to gather and read but the ambiance is unsatisfactory. Moreover, there is limited variety in the books available in the cafes. With the chaotic life people live in Delhi, there should be a peaceful and balanced place to relive the old habit of reading books. Thus it is important that the desperate need of the book lovers is catered by clubbing both a caf and book shop together. The business idea would allow customers to engage in quality reading along with enjoying delicious snacks. As the business concept is unique enough and allows using creative solutions to design the ambiance, food menu and collection of books, there is ample scope to expand the horizons and boost the revenues. However, it would require initial capital to begin with before the actual business concept can be formalized. The caf would be rented from a local property dealer but all the remaining arrangements and activities would have to be performed and managed. The project requires diligent efforts from some selected people to manage important activities of the business concept including human resources, marketing, production, interior designer, chef and a few more. The project would take a time of 3-5 months to come into actualization. Business Project Goals and Objectives The business project goals are as follows: To create and develop unique collection of books. To boost the revenue and growth potential of the business concept. To enhance customer experience through engaging reading ambiance and quality food. To provide interesting mix of delicious snacks and coffee round the clock. To engage customers in long term relation with the caf. To build a positive brand reputation in the city. The business project objectives are as follows: To add 20 odd new books in the existing repository of books. To find at least 10 business clients who can sell books at discounted rates. To add at least 10 new customers for lifetime membership in a month. To generate sales revenue to break even in a year. Project Deliverables: The project deliverables can be defined as tangible products or services produced through the business project. In this case, the project deliverables will be as follows: List of enlisted books. Food and beverages menu. Food quality certification. Maintenance manual Energy and water bills Profit and loss account statements Balance sheet. Interior design or project layout. Customer feedback Work Breakdown Structure Key Personnel and Resources: The project requires some key personnel to start with in order to manage the responsibilities of important tasks. As commonly believed that employees are important to manage the efficiency in the restaurant industry (LeBlanc and Mills, 1994), there will be some job positions filled with to initiate the project. Following are the key personnel required for the project: Project manager: Here in, the person would be responsible to manage the formulation and implementation of the caf. Interior designer: The person would have the big onus on designing the interiors of the caf given the capacity of the caf. The design includes the ambiance, theme, colour, furniture setting, wall decorations, and much more. Human resource manager: human resource management has a huge role in the entire scheme of the project. It is up to this person to determine the roles and responsibilities of all other employees. The major responsibilities include recruitment, selection, policy making, training and development, performance appraisals, grievance handling and many others. HR has an important role to play in smoothing out the inefficiencies in the system, thereby establishing a balance in the caf. It be noted that effective HR policies and practices once merged with the business and sustainability goals have more chances to improve the environment of an organization through positive morale, increased engagement, improved retention and more productivity (Meisinger, 2007). Caf Manager: Its the supreme authority of the caf who will supervise the day to day working of the caf whilst keeping business goals in consideration. Managers are expected to boost organizational effectiveness by motivating others more than the desired level (Cheng, Petrovic-Lazarevic, 2005c; Yukl, 1998). Though HR manager manages he issues with employees, its the caf manager who will be in attendance of whats happening on the floor and hence will be crucial for the effective management of the caf. The responsibilities include handling employee issues on floor, supervising all the administrative functions, managing the daily records, and more. Administrator: The person fulfils all the administrative functions of the caf including managing the official records, updating the documents, updating the list of books, and more. Accountant: The caf requires an effective accountant to manage all the cash flows in and out of the caf. Known as the keeper of an organizations financials, the person manages financial operations across all the departments. Chef: The chef will decide on the menu of the caf and will manage all the preparations of coffee and other snacks. The responsibilities include fixing caf menu, quality checks, hygiene etc. There are some of the key job roles that are to be filled for the business project to start in the first place. Other resources are as follows: Electrical equipment Cooking equipment, utensils etc. Furniture Computer, software for billing and managing other records. Stationary Estimated Budget As this is a private venture, an estimated amount of 10 Lac would be needed to open the caf and make all the requisite arrangements. The plot or the shop would be taken on rent but all other arrangements would have to be done. Parameters 2016 2017 2018 2019 Capital Investment 10,000,00 4,00,000 4,00,000 4,00,000 Operational expenses 5,00,000 3,00,000 3,00,000 3,00,000 Advertising 2,00,000 2,00,000 3,50,000 3,50,000 Salary 4,00,000 4,00,000 4,00,000 4,00,000 There is huge potential in this project given the fact that the business concept has the potential to generate regular revenues for the company. Firstly, the shop is located near some of the popular colleges in Delhi, and this allows youngsters to get attracted towards the caf. As the caf would sell books as the second channel for revenue generation, there is additional source of boosting the profit. All the remaining expenses would be managed by the head of the project. With such a good business concept, and backed with desired investment, this project will prove to be highly profitable for all the stakeholders. Risks The business project of starting a caf for book lovers has all the deserving potential to succeed. However, there can be some unwarranted risks involved in different aspects of the project. Operational risks: There can be delay in receiving the crucial resources else it can mar the services of the caf. Procedural risks: There can be faults in software systems due to any technical glitch. It can stall the regular updating process and hence delaying the processes. Financial risks: Since the project is privately funded, there are certain limitations beyond which financial pressure can impact the services. Customers: As reading books is more of a habit for people, many customers wont get sufficient time to regularly visit a caf. Its important to understand that India is a large consumer market and starting a well-planned business is a good chance to explore the market. However, there are certain issues need to be taken care of: Procedural delays: There can be unwarranted delay in certain procedures such as registration of the cafe, getting electricity etc. Complicated demographics: There can be challenges in defining the target market and their triggering factor. Thus a thorough market research is needed find about the target market and other dynamics. Regulatory hurdles: There can be regulatory hurdles in terms of food quality, hygiene etc. Thus its important to get a clear picture about the food quality. References Cheng, J, S, L. and Petrovic-Lazarevic, S. 2005. Resistance to Change. Monash Business Review, 1(1), pp.40-43. Yukl, G. 1998. Leadership in Organizations. New Jersey: Prentice Hall. Meisinger, S. 2007. HRs Role in Social Responsibility and Sustainability. HR Magazine 52, 12, 8. LeBlanc, C, L. and Mills, K, E. 1994. Retaining employees: Make them feel indispensable. Nations Restaurant News, 28(16), pp.30-31.

Macbeth Masterpiece Essays - Characters In Hamlet, Prince Hamlet

Macbeth Masterpiece Person's thoughts will differ from their actions, be it the fear of being the same or different from others, the consequences of their actions, or the opinions that others may form about them. People live their lives like drones, always conforming to the rules, afraid to brake away from the norm and do what they know or even feel to be the right thing to do simply because they might cause a ripple in the smooth little lake in which their boat is afloat. Within the Playwright Hamlet, by William Shakespeare, Hamlet suffers from such dilemma. Hamlet refuses to act on what he knows to be accurate, always reassuring himself of his lack of action. Hamlet also acts in a manner which some may wish to call lunacy. This is due to the loss in which he has suffered, as well as he is just pretending to fool the people who he is plotting against. Hamlet's father, King Hamlet, was the greatest king Denmark had ever seen. Respected and revered by all with the exception of his brother, Claudius. Claudius had envied his older brother since boyhood, the king living the life that Claudius had always wanted. A wife, a son, and a kingdom were all the holdings possessed by King Hamlet, holdings and possessions that Claudius would soon make his, by the killing of his brother. Though Hamlet feels that his mother's marriage to Claudius was to soon after the death of King Hamlet, he does not suspect Claudius killed king Hamlet until told of a sighting of a ghost by some guards while on watch. Hamlet tells Polonious that he will stand watch that night with them to see if they can see the ghost again. That night Hamlet stands watch with Polonious and the ghost appears before them. The ghost tells Hamlet that he is his father, and of how he was killed. Hamlet is told that while his father lay under the shade of a tree Claudius came to him and poured poison in his ear and caused his death instantaneously not allowing him time to repent of his sins, therefore condemning him to be trapped between the two paranormal worlds. The ghost then tells Hamlet to avenge his death. Though hamlet agrees to kill Claudius he does not kill him forthright. Hamlet hesitates and seems to invalidate every possible moment or opportunity that arises to take the life of Claudius. His reason for his hesitation is not known and one can only guess at what they may be. It could be that he doesn't believe the ghost. He could be afraid of hurting his mother by killing her second husband, or the fact that he is his uncle. What ever the reason is, he doses hesitate, and by doing so causes more pain and suffering for more people than if he would have killed Claudius forthright. The first example noted of such hesitation by Hamlet within the play if found within act three scene three where Hamlet contemplates the extermination of Claudius while he seems to be at prayer. " Now might I do it pat, now he's praying. And..." (P70-71) Within this paragraph Hamlet will eventually state that he cannot kill Claudius due to the fact that to kill him at prayer would only send him to heaven and not eternally damn him to the bowels of hell. Hamlet thinks that if he killed Claudius while he was at prayer and he was sent to heaven that it would be unfair to his father who is eternally trapped between the present and the afterlife. That is at least the reason that is given by Hamlet directly from the text. Though by the reading the entire book you will see a patter of actions and lack of actions that seem to signify that he only acts insane so to disorientate the other people within the story. Yet knowing that his father was murdered, who murdered him, and what Hamlet was asked to do to seek vengeance he feels that he has to constantly reassure himself of his lack of action was right so that he doesn't feel like he is failing his father. Hamlet is mad and plotting and or struggling with the question of what to do about the revenge seeking that he has sworn to tend to for his deceased father. The loss of a father has exiled him into a non-existent state to where neither present world nor the futures that will come are

Purpose Of Human Life Essays - Theatre Of The Absurd, Free Essays

Purpose Of Human Life Essays - Theatre Of The Absurd, Free Essays Purpose Of Human Life The purpose of human life is an unanswerable question. It seems impossible to find an answer because we don't know where to begin looking or whom to ask. Existence, to us, seems to be something imposed upon us by an unknown force. There is no apparent meaning to it, and yet we suffer as a result of it. The world seems utterly chaotic. We therefore try to impose meaning on it through pattern and fabricated purposes to distract ourselves from the fact that our situation is hopelessly unfathomable. Waiting for Godot is a play that captures this feeling and view of the world, and characterizes it with archetypes that symbolize humanity and its behaviour when faced with this knowledge. According to the play, a human being's life is totally dependant on chance, and, by extension, time is meaningless; therefore, a human+s life is also meaningless, and the realization of this drives humans to rely on nebulous, outside forces, which may be real or not, for order and direction. The basic premise of the play is that chance is the underlying factor behind existence. Therefore human life is determined by chance. This is established very early on, when Vladimir mentions the parable of the two thieves from the Bible. One of the thieves was saved. It's a reasonable percentage (Beckett, 8). The idea of percentage is important because this represents how the fate of humanity is determined; it is random, and there is a percentage chance that a person will be saved or damned. Vladimir continues by citing the disconcordance of the Gospels on the story of the two thieves. And yet...how is it - this is not boring you I hope - how is it that of the four Evangelists only one speaks of a thief being saved. The four of them were there - or thereabouts - and only one speaks of a thief being saved (Beckett, 9). Beckett makes an important point with this example of how chance is woven into even the most sacred of texts that is supposed to hold ultimate truth for humanity. All four disciples of Chirst are supposed to have been present during his crucifixion and witnessed the two thieves, crucified with Jesus, being saved or damned depending on their treatment of him in these final hours. Of the four, only two report anything peculiar happening with the thieves. Of the two that report it, only one says that a thief was saved while the other says that both were damned. Thus, the percentages go from 100%, to 50%, to a 25% chance for salvation. This whole matter of percentages symbolizes how chance is the determining factor of existence, and Beckett used the Bible to prove this because that is the text that humanity has looked to for meaning for millenia. Even the Bible reduces human life to a matter of chance. On any given day there is a certain percent chance that one will be saved as opposed to damned, and that person is powerless to affect the decision. The fate of the thieves, one of whom was saved and the other damned according to the one of the four accounts that everybody believes, becomes as the play progresses a symbol of the condition of man in an unpredictable and arbitrary universe (Webb, 32). God, if he exists, contributes to the chaos by his silence. The very fact that God allows such an arbitrary system to continue makes him an accomplice. The French philosopher Pascal noted the arbitrariness of life and that the universe worked on the basis of percentages. He advocated using such arbitrariness to one's advantage, including believing in God because, if he doesn't exist, nobody would care in the end, but if he does, one was on the safe side all along, so one can't lose. It is the same reasoning that Vladimir uses in his remark quoted above, It's a reasonable percentage. But it is God's silence throughout all this that causes the real hopelessness, and this is what makes Waiting for Godot a tragedy amidst all the comical actions of its characters: the silent plea to God for meaning, for answers, which symbolizes the plea of all humanity, and God's silence in response. The recourse to bookkeeping by the philosopher [Pascal] no less than the clownish tramp shows how helpless we are with respect to God+s silence (Astro, 121). Either God does not exist, or he does not care. Whichever is the case, chance and arbitrariness determine human life in the absence of